How is sustainable development measured

Sustain Dev 23 5 — Stubbs P Stretching concepts too far? South East Eur Polit — Sustainable Development Solution Network World happiness report. United Nations Transforming our world: the agenda for sustainable development.

New York. United Nations Environment Programme Annual report. Oxf Econ Pap — Wallace C, Latcheva R Economic transformation outside the law: corruption, trust in public institutions and the informal economy in transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Eur Asia Stud — Springer, Dordrecht. Sustain Sci 6 2 — World Bank The changing wealth of nations: measuring sustainable development in the new millennium. World Bank World development indicators. World Bank. Washington, DC. Download references.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Noam Lior. Energy depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of energy resources-to-the remaining reserve lifetime capped at 25 years.

It covers coal, crude oil and natural gas. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops double-cropped areas are counted once , temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow.

Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Bank capital-to-assets ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves-to-total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments.

Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita tonnes, United Nations Development Program Human-originated carbon dioxide emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels, gas flaring and the production of cement, divided by mid-year population.

Includes carbon dioxide emitted by forest biomass through depletion of forest areas. Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly.

The Laspeyres formula is generally used. Data are period averages. The Crime Index is an annual study of crime rates and occurrences; it is an estimation of overall level of crime in a given city or a country.

Net energy imports are estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.

The sum of exports and imports of goods and services, expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product GDP. Sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital and short-term capital, expressed as a percentage of GDP. Land spanning more than 0.

Excludes land predominantly under agricultural or urban land use, tree stands in agricultural production systems for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems and trees in urban parks and gardens. The GDP growth rate measures how fast the economy is growing. Gender inequality index United Nations Development Program A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market.

Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population.

GINI index measures the extent to which the distribution of income or, in some cases, consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household.

The GINI index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus, a GINI index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of implies perfect inequality.

Gross domestic product per capita United Nations Development Program Sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes, minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products, expressed in international dollars using purchasing power parity rates and divided by total population of the same period. Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less total consumption, plus net transfers.

The six factors composing this index are GDP per capita, healthy years of life expectancy, social support as measured by having someone to count on in times of trouble , trust as measured by a perceived absence of corruption in government and business , perceived freedom to make life decisions, and generosity as measured by recent donations, adjusted for differences in income. Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population using improved sanitation facilities.

Improved sanitation facilities are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. Thus, the IHDI is distribution-sensitive average level of human development.

Dimensions of human development:. Long and healthy life life expectancy at birth, life expectancy and inequality-adjusted life expectancy index. Infant mortality rate in , United Nations Development Program Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly.

The Industrial growth rate measures how fast the industry is growing. Periodic payments intended to: 1 maintain the income of the beneficiary after retirement from paid employment at the legal or standard age; or 2 support the income of elderly persons excluding where payments are made for a limited period only. Total primary energy supply TPES is a term used to indicate the sum of production and imports subtracting exports and storage changes of fossil fuels.

The total of all bonds and other debt owed by a government. Most of the time, the national debt comes from bonds. The public debt is defined as how much a country owes to lenders outside of itself. These can include individuals, businesses and even other governments. Current and capital spending on health from government central and local budgets, external borrowing and grants including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations and social or compulsory health insurance funds, expressed as a percentage of GDP.

Earnings and material resources transferred by international migrants or refugees to recipients in their country of origin or countries in which the migrant formerly resided. The SPI measures the well-being of a society by observing social and environmental outcomes directly rather than the economic factors:. Basic human needs: nutrition and basic human care, water and sanitation, shelter and personal safety. Foundations of well-being: access to basic knowledge, health and wellness and environmental quality.

Opportunity: personal rights, personal freedom and choice, tolerance and inclusion and access to advanced education. Sustainability can support the multiple goals of effective transportation projects.

Sustainability objectives such as safety, mobility, environmental protection, livable communities, asset management also help achieve transportation project goals. It is an important lens through which to view a transportation project, and enables transportation agencies and project sponsors to make decisions that benefit the future as well as the present. The idea of sustainability does not limit the value or importance placed on individual goals for a project or organization.

Decisions about policy, projects and operations should consider balancing the principles of sustainability but there is no requirement to do so for each and every decision.

INVEST provides an opportunity to consider sustainability with other performance measures in the decision making process without attempting to mandate values or choices.

For FHWA, safety has a unique role in sustainability as a key component of the social principle of the triple bottom line. Like some other important transportation objectives, safety also stands by itself as a way to measure or evaluate a project. Using these approaches goes above and beyond past methods. These indicators are mostly those already used at the global level to monitor existing agreements and issues such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, chemical conventions and OECD indicators on the green economy.

A further 80 indicators labelled "grey" require further research, definition and elaboration, to make them valid for global assessment. Unfortunately, the process is taking longer than predicted. While it is understandable -- given the lack of a functioning global sustainability index, the large number of goals and the high diversity of countries with varying monitoring capacities -- we still need to speed things up to establish a global framework for tracking progress.

This brings the problem and the solution into focus. It won't be possible to just take all the proposed global indicators and implement them at the national level.

National governments will also have to take the lead in identifying their own sets of indicators and aligning them with the global structure.

These indicators cover many aspects of the SDGs, but only those focused on the environment. At the provincial level, there are sustainable development and green economy strategies and indicators that include, for example, indicators from Manitoba. Of these, fewer than half directly align with the SDGs. The new Federal Sustainable Development Strategy FSDS currently open for consultation , Statistics Canada and other departments therefore must take the necessary steps to establish clear communication among the provinces and territories on the application of the Agenda to Canada.

At the very least, we need to do three things: streamline reporting systems; identify the key indicator sets that already exist, and those which need to be realigned with the SDGs; and fill in the holes where they are simply missing, either nationally or in some of the regions.

Given that is the deadline, the process of implementation needs to start immediately. These national and provincial indicators are needed to create a baseline -- and to establish a roadmap toward for Canada.